Tennessee Williams’S, The Glass Menagerie, Is One Of The

Tennessee Williams’s, The Glass Menagerie, is one of the most popular plays of all times and the play that started his success as a playwright. This play explores a dysfunctional family who has been abandoned by the husband/father and struggles to progress in an economically stressed time. The play showcases three extremely complex characters who each have personal struggles in their own lives which furthermore create tensions between each other as a family unit. As a true lover of this play, I had to dig deep into the text and try to understand each of the characters of this play in order to figure out what was the cause to their unhappiness. There were many factors that played a huge role to the misery of their lives but the most†¦show more content†¦When talking to her son in scene four of the play, Amanda stated, â€Å"I mean that as soon as Laura has got somebody to take care of her, married, a home of her own, independent-why, then you will be free to go wherev er you please. But until that time you have to look out for your sister (pg.42)†. Once again, as the male of the household it was Tom’s responsibility to make sure that his sister had a steady future and was well taken care of before he could move on and start own his life. During that time period, women were seen as being weak and needing to have a male figure in their lives in order to succeed in life. It was very clear how these gender roles affected Tom’s life and how difficult it was for him to carry all that weight on his own. Having to face a physical disability was not the only struggle in Laura’s life. Having a disability destroyed Laura’s confidence which also negatively influenced her role as a women. In the late 1930’s women were supposed to marry at a young age, bear children, and take care of the household chores. It was also important for women to take care of their appearance and look â€Å"pretty† in order to increase their chances of finding a man to marry. This concept was clearly seen through Amanda’s dialogue towards her daughter Laura. In the first scene of the play, Amanda told Laura, â€Å"Resume your seat, little sister. I want you to stay fresh and pretty for gentlemen callers† (pg.8).Show MoreRelatedThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams985 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the one present moment that goes by you so quickly you hardly catch it going. ¨ This quote by the author of The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams, describes both The Glass Me nagerie, a memory play, and the life of Tennessee Williams himself, for whom memories played a large role in his life. Within the play, many parallels can be drawn between the life of Williams and the life of Tom, the main character, such as a disdain for factory work. In addition, several characters in The Glass MenagerieRead More Essay on Stagnant Lives in Streetcar Named Desire and Glass Menagerie1196 Words   |  5 PagesStreetcar Named Desire and Glass Menagerie   Ã‚  Ã‚   The Stagnant Lives of Blanche DuBois and Amanda Wingfield  Ã‚  Ã‚   All of Williams significant characters are pathetic victims--of time, of their own passions, of immutable circumstance (Gantz 110). This assessment of Tennessee Williams plays proves true when one looks closely at the characters of Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire and Amanda Wingfield in The Glass Menagerie. Their lives run closely parallel to one another in their respectiveRead More Essay on Portrayal of Women in The Glass Menagerie and A Streetcar Named Desire1496 Words   |  6 Pagesof Women in The Glass Menagerie and A Streetcar Named Desire      Ã‚  Ã‚   The plays of Tennessee Williams are often controversial because of his preoccupation with sex and violence. Basic female character types often reappear throughout each of his plays. The women featured in the plays, The Glass Menagerie and A Streetcar Named Desire all suffer from physical or emotional mutilation and seek fulfillment from a man.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An influential factor in Tennessee Williamss writing was hisRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams986 Words   |  4 PagesTennessee Williams’s The Glass Menagerie, is a classic drama about a young man who is tired of his dull and boring existence. Tom, the main character, struggles to deal with his family, who is apparently holding him back in life. With the use of powerful writing techniques, Williams is able to captivate his audience and create a play that has stood the test of time. An excellent writing technique employed by Williams that contributes to The Glass Menagerie’s success is his use of plot. ThroughoutRead MoreEphemeral Repertoire Of Embodied Knowledge943 Words   |  4 PagesTaylor’s point is well-taken as a means of dismembering critical hegemony. Taylor’s research highlights the archive as a site of several myths concerning how authoritarian scholarship mandates dominant meanings at the expense of oppressed meanings: â€Å"One is that it [the archive] is unmediated, that objects located there might mean something outside the framing of the archival impetus itself†¦ Another myth is that the archive resists change, corruptibility, and political manipulation.† Rather than proposeRead MoreEscaping Reality in The Glass Menagerie Essay584 Words   |  3 Pages In Tennessee Williamss play, The Glass Menagerie, he reflects upon the economic status and desperation of an American family living in St. Louis during the 1930s. Williams portrays three characters: Amanda Wingfield, the disappointed mother; Tom, the narrator and trapped son; and Laura, the crippled daughter. Williams compares the Wingfield apartment to one of those vast hive-like conglomerations of cellular living-units... a reminder to each character of the harsh reality of their life (epilogueRead More Essay on The Glass Menagerie and the Life of Tennessee Williams957 Words   |  4 PagesThe Glass Menagerie and the Life of Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie closely parallels the life of the author. From the very job Tennessee held early in his life to the apartment he and his family lived in. Each of the characters presented, their actions taken and even the setting have been based on the past of Thomas Lanier Williams, better known as Tennessee Williams. Donald Spoto described the new apartment building that Williams and his family relocated to in St. Louis, MissouriRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie561 Words   |  2 PagesThe twentieth century was a century full of memorable events. These events influence most everything going on around them. Tennessee Williams’s play, The Glass Menagerie, influenced twentieth century American theatre and continues to influence theatre to this day. Many unforgettable things happened in the twentieth century. On October 24th, 1929 the stock market crashes (Daniel 375). This sends the country into a panic. In other countries much more is going on such as the Holocaust. On SeptemberRead MoreTennessee Williams: His Life in quot;Suddenly Last Summerquot; and quot;The Glass Menageriequot;2784 Words   |  12 PagesIn the study of Tennessee Willliams plays: Suddenly Last Summer and The Glass Menagerie, we can find a great deal of autobiographical connections. The Glass Menagerie is particularly considered the authors most biographical work. It is described by the playwright as a memory play; indeed, it is a memory of the authors own youth, an expression of his own life and experiences. Similarly, Suddenly Last Summer includes many of Tennesse Williams real life details. First and foremost,Read MoreEssay about Williamss Use of Symbolic Reference in The Glass Menagerie851 Words   |  4 PagesWilliamss Use of Symbolic Reference in The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams wrote The Glass Menagerie basing it on himself and his life, although not always in detail. Tennessees life was not one of perfection. It had a lot of downs causing the play to be a very sentimental, dimly lighted and emotionally play. Although this play has a very basic story line Tennessee use of symbolism crates a much more meaningful story of the Wingfild family. Symbolism is used in

What Is the Definition of Role Conflict

Role conflict happens when there are contradictions between different roles that a person takes on or plays in their everyday life. In some cases, the conflict is a result of opposing obligations which results in a conflict of interest, in others, when a person has roles that have different statuses, and it also occurs when people disagree about what the responsibilities for a particular role should be, whether in the personal or professional realms. To truly understand role conflict, though, one must first have a solid grasp of how sociologists understand roles, generally speaking. The Concept of Roles in Sociology Sociologists use the term role (as do others outside of the field) to describe a set of expected behaviors and obligations a person has based on his or her position in life and relative to others. All of us have multiple roles and responsibilities in our lives, that run the gamut from son or daughter, sister or brother, mother or father, spouse or partner, to friend, and professional and community ones too. Within sociology, role theory was developed by American sociologist Talcott Parsons through his work on social systems, along with German sociologist Ralf Dahrendorf, and by Erving Goffman, with his numerous studies and theories focused on how social life resembles theatrical performance. Role theory was a particularly prominent paradigm used to understand social behavior during the middle of the 20th century. Roles not only lay out a blueprint to guide behavior, but they also delineate the goals to pursue, tasks to carry out, and how to perform for a particular scenario. Role theory posits that a large proportion of our outward day-to-day social behavior and interaction is defined by people carrying out their roles, just like actors do in the theater. Sociologists believe that role theory can predict behavior; if we understand the expectations for a particular role (such as father, baseball player, teacher), we can predict a large portion of the behavior of people in those roles. Roles not only guide behavior, but they also influence our beliefs as the theory holds that people will change their attitudes to be in line with their roles. Role theory also posits that changing behavior requires changing roles. Types of Role Conflict and Examples Because we all play multiple roles in our lives, all of us have or will experience one or more types of role conflict at least once. In some cases, we may take on different roles that are not compatible and conflict ensues because of this. When we have opposing obligations in different roles, it may be difficult to satisfy either responsibility in an effective way. Role conflict can occur, for example, when a parent coaches a baseball team that includes that parents son. The role of the parent can conflict with the role of the coach who needs to be objective when determining the positions and batting lineup, for example, along with the need to interact with all the children equally.  Another role conflict can arise if the parents career impacts the time he can commit to coaching as well as parenting. Role conflict can happen in other ways too. When the roles have two different statuses, the result is called status strain. For example, people of color in the U.S. who have high-status professional roles often experience status strain because while they might enjoy prestige and respect in their profession, they are likely to experience the degradation and disrespect of racism in their everyday lives. When conflicting roles both have the same status, role strain results.  This happens when a person who needs to fulfill a certain role is strained because of obligations or extensive demands on energy, time or resources caused by the multiple roles. For example, consider a single parent who has to work full-time, provide child care, manage and organize the home, help kids with homework, take care of their health, and provide effective parenting. A parents role can be tested by the need to fulfill all of these demands simultaneously and effectively. Role conflict can also ensue when people disagree about what the expectations are for a particular role or when someone has trouble fulfilling the expectations of a role because their duties are difficult, unclear or unpleasant. In the 21st century, many women who have professional careers experience role conflict when expectations for what it means to be a good wife or good mother — both external and internal — conflict with the goals and responsibilities she may have in her professional life. A sign that gender roles remain fairly stereotypical in todays world of heterosexual relationships, men who are professionals and fathers rarely experience this type of role conflict. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Analysis on the Poem Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold

The Poem â€Å"Dover Beach† is a dramatic monologue of thirty-seven lines, divided into four unequal sections or â€Å"paragraphs† of fourteen, six, eight, and nine lines. In the title, â€Å"Beach† is more significant than â€Å"Dover,† for it points at the controlling image of the poem. On a pleasant evening, the poet and his love are apparently in a room with a window affording a view of the straits of Dover on the southeast coast of England, perhaps in an inn. The poet looks out toward the French coast, some twenty-six miles away, and is attracted by the calm and serenity of the scene: the quiet sea, the moon, the blinking French lighthouse, the glimmering reflections of the famous white cliffs of Dover. He calls his love to the window to enjoy the†¦show more content†¦It is only in the fourteenth line, with the mention of â€Å"an eternal note of sadness,† that there is any indication that the reader will be exposed to anything more than a simple description, that in view of what follows one shall have to reorient oneself to the significance of the initial description. The second dominant image in the poem is in lines 25 through 28, expressing the emotional impact of the loss of faith. The individual words add up—melancholy, withdrawing, retreating, vast, drear, naked—re-creating the melancholy sound of the sea withdrawing, leaving behind only a barren and rocky shore, dreary and empty. These images, emphasizing the condition after faith has left, present a void, an emptiness, almost creating a shudder in the reader; it is perhaps a more horrifying image than even the battlefield image with which the poem closes. The last important extended image closes the poem; it is a very common practice for Arnold to supply such closing, summarizing images in an attempt to say metaphorically what he perhaps cannot express directly. (Such closings are to be clearly seen in â€Å"The Scholar-Gipsy,† â€Å"Sohrab and Rustum,† â€Å"Tristram and Iseult,† â€Å"Rugby Chapel,† and others.) The calm of the opening lines is deceptive, a dream. Underneath or behind is the reality of life—a confused struggle, no light, nothing to distinguish good from evil,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Dover Beach By Matthew Arnold1139 Words   |  5 PagesMonelle Shuman English Lit 202 K. Morefield December 1, 2014 An Analysis of â€Å"Dover Beach† by Matthew Arnold Dover Beach is thought to be one of the best representations of the Victorian Period all together. It portrays the mood and tone of what the people experienced and felt at that time. Around the same time it was written, London had just experienced a massive boom in their population, growing from 2 to 6 million citizens. At the same time, London was becoming one of the first in the countryRead MoreAnalysis Of Matthew Arnold s Dover Beach 1264 Words   |  6 PagesPublished in 1867, Matthew Arnold’s Dover Beach is short lyrical elegy that depicts a couple overlooking the English Channel, questioning the gradual, steady loss of faith of the time. Set against this backdrop of a society’s crisis of faith, Arnold artfully uses a range of literary techniques to reinforce the central theme of the poem, leading some to argue that Dover Beach was one of the first ‘free-verse’ poems of the language. Indeed, the structure and content of the poem goes against all trad itionalRead MoreDover Beach and Farenheit 4511461 Words   |  6 Pages English 2342 20 April 2011 Dover Beach and Fahrenheit 451 The classic poem, Dover Beach, written by Matthew Arnold, is a statement about losing faith as a result of enlightenment. In an emotionally charged scene in Ray Bradbury’s novel, Fahrenheit 451, fireman Guy Montag reads the poem aloud to his wife and her friends. Bradbury could have chosen any piece of literature for Montag to read as a means of unveiling his collection of hoarded books and his newfound interest in reading them. BradburyRead MoreThe Significance of Literary Knowledge in Parodic Poetry: A Look At Anthony Hecht’s The Dover Bitch1100 Words   |  5 Pagesreading with one frame of mind, key themes and ideas can be missed. Poems, on the other hand, can be vague and extremely difficult to pick apart. Poets rely on figurative language to make seemingly random word choices make sense within the right context, and having a vast knowledge of literature becomes essential when reading poetry because one never knows when an allusion can make all the difference. An thony Hecht’s poem The Dover Bitch provides a good example of how figurative language and knowledgeRead MoreAnalysis of the Setting in My Last Duchess and Dover Beach Essay669 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of the Setting in My Last Duchess and Dover Beach At first glance the setting of a poem is the psychological and physiological environment in which the story takes place. In some instances, the setting is used to develop the characters. Robert Browning and Matthew Arnold use the setting to expose their character traits. My Last Duchess and Dover Beach, respectively, portray the weaknesses of the characters using elements from the setting. The text, page 629 and 630, tells us thatRead MoreLove And Loss : Happy Endings By Margaret Atwood3620 Words   |  15 Pagesdepressing. Most people would relate love and loss to romantic relationships that ended in breakups; on the contrary, â€Å"Confession Day† allows people to confess the pain they have felt through any of their losses. In the poems â€Å"She Walks in Beauty† by Lord Byron, â€Å"Dover Beach† by Matthew Arnold and in the short story â€Å"Happy Endings† by Margaret Atwood, it is noticed that love and loss can happen in different situations, to di fferent people, at different times. These writings show love and loss in a relationshipRead MoreDover Beach Poem Analysis1739 Words   |  7 PagesUpon reading Matthew Arnold’s poem, â€Å"Dover Beach†, I was greeted with a fleeting sense of tranquility and a lingering emotion of melancholy. Found in his carefully crafted words, Arnold gives an accurate representation of the beliefs held during the era of Realism by using descriptive imagery. His use of imagery is the primary aspect of the work that most interested me. For instance, in the first stanza, the narrator gives the reader the setting of â€Å"Dover Beach†. He states, â€Å"Upon the straits; onRead MoreAnalysis of Dover Beach and The Buried Life by Matthew Arnold 1960 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis of Dover Beach and The Buried Life by Matthew Arnold Matthew Arnold is one of the many famous and prolific writers from the nineteenth century. Two of his best known works are entitled #61505;Dover Beach#61504; and #61505;The Buried Life.#61504; Although the exact date of composition is unknown, clearly they were both written in the early 1850s. The two poems have in common various characteristics, such as the theme and style. The feelings of the speakers of the poem alsoRead MoreThe Trees Are Down Analysis - Charlotte Mew1621 Words   |  7 Pages Question: Write a critical analysis of The Trees Are Down by Charlotte Mew. In ‘The Trees Are Down’ poet Charlotte Mew seems to be using the trees to symbolize Nature’s being the price of human progress. The poem also seems to have been influenced by the Romantics, through Mew’s detailed description of the trees being cut down, and her personal reaction to this act – she refers to mankind’s indifference towards Nature, and the sadness this causes her, in this poem, where her main focus is man versusRead MoreThe Book of English2652 Words   |  11 Pagesattempts to reclaim his own humanity range from the compassionate and sensitive, as in his conversations with Clarisse, to the grotesque and irresponsible, as in his murder of Beatty and his half-baked scheme to overthrow the firemen. Character Analysis of Guy Montag in Fahrenheit 451 Guy Montag is a fireman who burns books in a futuristic American city. In Montags world, firemen start fires rather than putting them out. The people in this society do not read books, enjoy nature, spend time

The Violence Of The Media Essay - 1549 Words

In the media today, one of the common images we tend to bear witness to is how much media coverage there is of stories revolving around crime, especially in the United States. Crime can be defined as an action or an instance of negligence that is deemed injurious to the public welfare or morals or to the interests of the state and that is legally prohibited (Dictonary.com). Crime has begun to appear in our media a lot more than it used to in the past, causing it to become something that has become a prominent theme in our society. In recent news, two teenagers were convicted of first-degree murder following a fatal shooting which took the life of a US congress member’s grandson, all over a pair of gym shoes (Dan Good). The overall outcome of this shooting has left people wondering exactly what was going through their heads at the time and what could have caused these teenagers to make the ultimate decision that they did. By using Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Karl Marx the go al of this paper is to use these three theorist and their theories to get an understanding behind what these two teenagers might have been thinking at the time of committing the crime. These theoriest will better yet give an understanding of the factors that could have influenced their ultimate decision to commit the crime. To commence this analysis, we will take a look into Emile Durkheim’s work. Durkheim who was a Republican and a French nationalist focused most of his work on an argument he calledShow MoreRelatedMedia Violence And The Media Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesExposure to the media violence may be especially problematic in late adolescence. Television and other media play a major role in adolescent socialization and identity development by providing perspectives, values, ideologies, and behavior models (Arnett G., Roberts D. et al.). The socializing role of television in particular may be ampliï ¬ ed by the large amount of time young people spend with this medium. Speciï ¬ cally, 18- to 24-year-olds spend more time watching television and movies than youngerRead MoreMedia, Violence, And Violence Essay1892 Words   |  8 Pageswould be the media. Media and violence are both very wide and broad concepts that have massive impacts in our society, and it is important to distinguish their relationship with each other. The types of media are things such as violent video games, films, newspapers, magazines and television. One particular type of media that is often very problematized is violent video games. Different studies have shown convincing and unconvincing correlational in regards to the media and violence, but to whomRead MoreMedia, Violence, And Violence Essay1949 Words   |  8 Pageswould be the media. Media and violence are both very wide and broad concepts that have massive impacts in our society, and it is important to distinguish their relationship with each other. The types of media are things such as violent video games, films, newspapers, magazines and television. One particular type of media that is often very problematized is violent video games. Different studies have shown convincing and unconvincing correlational in regards to the media and violence, but to whomRead MoreViolence in the Media1047 Words   |  5 Pagesa law that bans violenc e in the media: in movies, on TV, in video games, and on the Internet? Adi Shimony Golden Gate University Today, media take a major part of our lives, shape our society and create reality.  The Banning violence in the media is an efficient approach the government should take to handle the growing violence in our society. I argue that the US Government should make a law that bans violence in the media. The law needs to limit broadcasting of violence content at timesRead MoreMedia Violence1105 Words   |  5 Pages Censorship of Violence in Popular Entertainment is NOT Justified â€Å"When I was at church they taught me something else/ If you preach hate at the service those words arent anointed/ That holy water that you soak in has been poisoned/ When everyone else is more comfortable remaining voiceless/ Rather than fighting for humans that have had their rights stolen/ I might not be the same, but thats not important/ No freedom till were equal, damn right I support it.† These are lyrics from a songRead MoreMedia Violence1535 Words   |  7 Pagesat looking at the potentially harmful effects of the consumption of violent media and the impact it has on psychological factors. Two psychological factors that have been researched are empathy and aggression and how violent media influences these two emotions. Theories that have tried explaining the pathway from the viewing of violence in media and the impact on aggression have generally focused on the role of violent media being used by consumers as observational learning and promoting the developmentRead MoreMedia Violence1142 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen calculated that American kids see about 200,000 acts of violence and 25,000 murders on television by the time they reach age eighteen. (Schleifer 18) Arrests of people under the age of eighteen for violent crimes rose forty-seven percent from 1988 to 1992. (Miller 174) The American Medical Associ ation conducted a study that found a direct relationship between viewing and homicide. (Miller 176) Does this kind of overexposure to violence have a significant effect on children and teenagers? The answerRead MoreMedia Violence9754 Words   |  40 Pagesare among the greatest of imitatorsÂ… The debate over media violence has eluded definitive answers for more then three decades. At first glance, the debate is dominated by one question. Whether or not media violence causes real life violence and whether or not it has a negative effect of the modern day Canadian family. Closer examination reveals a political battle. On one hand, there are those who blame media violence for societal violence and want to censor violent content to protect our childrenRead MoreThe Violence Of The Media2018 Words   |  9 Pagesit was intended. With so many media outlets present in everyday life, it is not hard to imagine there being many concerns regarding violence in the media. This essay looks to explore why there is concerns regarding violence in the media, focusing on the glorification of violence. The essay will also look at the different types of media outlets, i.e. the music industry, film, television, internet and gaming, and how each of them may present a glorification of violence. The essay will look at the caseRead MoreMedia Violence And Crime Violence1168 Words   |  5 PagesMedia Violence and Crimes There are few debates that have been contentious for so long as the debate of whether violent medias contribute meaningfully to crimes. Because of the majority of shooting events committed by younger shooters, many politicians regard cultural effects as a potential contributing factor, while others dismiss media as a contributing factor. Within the social science community, a similar division exists (Ferguson, 2015). For example, some professional supporting groups, like

MBA Capstone Team Charter Free Essays

Your instructor will review this information to approve your business idea. Our product is a neighborhood market dedicated to organic groceries, education of customers with regard to organic and CEO-friendly growing of food, and commitment to organic vendors. Our concept will solve the issue of companies claiming to be organic when they are truly not. We will write a custom essay sample on MBA Capstone: Team Charter or any similar topic only for you Order Now Will educate the public with tips and tricks on how to get the best produce from within their own gardening as well. Our solution is unique because while we will also be selling local produce, we also want to strengthen the community to rely more heavily on their own supply as well. The intended target audience will include a small community of people who are parents, teachers, students and leaders wanting to help make better food choices for themselves and future generations. Coles (Community; Organic; Local; Environment) Market is a community market with a passion for providing organic produce and groceries in a modern environment. Utilizing produce from only local earth-friendly farmers, our goal is to bring the freshest, healthiest food to our community with the highest regard for our ecological system. We strive to play a part in reducing the impact of our lifestyles on the world tit other species and future generations. We are fully devoted to continued education about organic farming, community health and education and environmental preservation. Ill. Team Management Plan This section defines how the team will allocate assignments and talents a) Team Leadership: One person will be named the team/project leader to provide overall leadership and continuity to the project. Your team leader will be: Karen Lothrop b) Deliverable Management: Each deliverable will be assigned a component Manager. In the case of larger teams, you may assign more than one person to a deliverable. In the case of smaller teams, the team lead may also have to take on the role of a component lead too. The level of effort required for components will vary depending on your business idea. Review the business plan rubric to gain a sense of the amount of content required to help you balance your team’s workload with your skills, interests, and your specific business idea. List your component managers in the table. Deliverable Due Date Manager Assigned Team Charter With Business Description Industry Analysis week 3 Deanna Miles Marketing Plan Wee k 4 Operations Plan week 5 Lakeside Williams/Karen Lothrop Financial Plan week 6 Presentation (Team) As scheduled Karen Lothrop/ Doddering Westbrook Final Plan (Team) week 8 c) Skills Inventory: Identify each team member’s personal, professional, and academic strengths and weaknesses in the table. We will also keep in touch between calls by way of the Team B Discussion thread and through email. Agenda items will be sent through emails and posted in Doc Sharing. How will you keep track of different drafts (versions) of the same document? Documents will be shared via email and posted in Doc Sharing. Charlie Win will maintain master copies with revisions. Describe how your team will manage conflict. Potential Conflict Recommended Solution Member misses a meeting case by case. Member cannot be reached Multiple methods to be used include; email, text, phone. If no response, team to decide. Member does not complete work on time Member will be reported to professor and get unfavorable Peer Review. Member work is unsatisfactory Member drops the course Their work will be re-distributed among other members. Member has an unavoidable emergency that delays work Other team members will pick up the work to assist for valid emergencies. Otherwise, How will you resolve minor disagreements? Through vote of entire team. Who rules for major disagreements?team leader or majority rule? Majority rule. How will you use the Peer Review at the end of the course? What are the consequences of unsatisfactory performance? Peer Review to be favorable for all members that have participated and contributed. Unsatisfactory performance will et a vote of other members to include possible recommendation to Professor of reduction of individual’s course grade. College is temporarily offline or class time is cancelled Communication will be maintained through alternate methods such as email, phone calls, etc. Other potential conflict Create a list of rules to help you collaborate as a team, including e xpectations about meetings, communication, course work, conflict resolution, and so on, based on other elements of this charter. All team members are expected to participate in meetings whenever possible (the Team understands scheduling conflicts will arise from time to time). All members are required to ‘carry their weight’ and perform their allocated portions of the course work. Course work sections will be assigned based on each members’ sign up for their areas of expertise/interest. Critical Success Factors Reason for Importance Steps Taken to Ensure Attainment Contracting with local organic growers and vendors To assure our store will be able to offer the type and variety of products that customers expect Contracting with numerous suppliers for each product line. Rotating purchasing among these vendors. Retail foot traffic generation To insure a consistent flow of customers Well planned and executed marketing and advertising campaigns. Community involvement to build our brand. VI’. Commitment Each team member is to write an individual commitment statement. If onsite, each team member will sign his or her commitment statement. Deanna Miles – My commitment to this group is to make sure we get the Job done and to get it right. I also commit to participate somehow in all group meetings. Lastly I will listen and be up for the ideas and concerns of my group members. Charles Win – How to cite MBA Capstone: Team Charter, Papers

Business Ethics History of Business Ethics

Question: Describe about the case Study for Business Ethics for History of Business Ethics. Answer: Introduction: Tata Motors is one of the renowned automobile companies in India. The company was on track under the parent company, Tata Group since 1945. It was nominated as the first automobile company in India, which was added in the list of the New York Stock exchange. The company started manufacturing the commercial vehicles in 1954 by collaborating with Daimler Benz, which was situated in Germany. This step lead Tata motors to become not only Indias major automobile company but also they got the opportunity of becoming worlds largest automobile company, which provide commercial vehicles (Weiss 2014). According to the present scenario, Tata Motors is the Indias second large industry which manufactures passenger vehicles. Tata was privileged for developing the Tata Ace, Indias first indigenously manufactured passenger car. In addition to this, Tata Nano was another innovation which was treated as the Indias least expensive car. Businesses have a crucial role in the considering the organizational ethics and ethical practices developed in the organization, which indirectly develop the atmosphere for the employees to work properly. This report is discussing the importance of Business ethics in the context of Tata Motors. The rationale of the study states the value of ethics in the organization. The strategic analysis on the Tata Motors explains the social, political role in the market. At last the qualitative analysis of the above mentioned scenario highlights different factors about the ethical practices in the Tata Motors. 1. Methodology 1.1 Rationale Company valuation is carried out to protect the interests and demands of the consumer, who are purchasing the invented products and services (Halinen and Jokela 2016). Here Tata Motors is the Indias one of the most popular automobile company, which have their own code of conduct and ethical strategies for maintaining the ethics within the company. The case study of ethical practices in Tata Motors is expected to bring the strategies and involved into understanding the political, social and industrial situation of the company in the competitive market (Baviera et al. 2016). The advantage of the research is that, the paper would be helpful for the further understanding the ethical issues incorporated with in Tata Motors. This paper not only elaborates about the analytical perspective of the ethical practices in the organization but also it gives a detailed view of the practical scenarios within the organization. The methodology utilized in this paper highlighted the various data collection methods, which shows the internal condition and involvement of the external resources in Tata Motors. This research has the base about the contribution of business ethics in Tata Motors (Jennings 2014). The research methodology used a combination of techniques for satisfying the needs of the research paper. 1.2 Core capabilities Tata Motors is intelligent enough to uphold and expand their business by keeping the focus on the core capabilities. Tata Motors have made themselves bloodthirsty, active, and dynamic from the different aspect of the automobile industry. These aspects highlight that, the company needs to be diversified and empower their knowledge in different sectors for the improvisations. Through the RD approach of the company Tata Motors can make continuous improvements by producing new products and services (Metcalfe and Syed 2015). The company has set their boundaries higher than their competitors by developing the cheapest vehicles in India. Another core competency of the Tata Motors is, their hold is being located in India. This aspect not only motivated them to understand the local market of India but also helped to gather knowledge about the dynamics of the emerging technology. 2. Strategies 2.1 SWOT Analysis on Tata Motors Strengths: Tata Motors shows their core capabilities, when it comes to the intensive research and development. They have first invented the least expensive car Nano which earned 2,500 dollar at the first stage of the promotion of it. To provide the organizations core competencies, which make the positioning better. Tata Motors manufacture from tractors to the worlds slightest expensive cars. Product diversity leads them to achieve grab the opportunities of the competitive market. Strength of the Tata Motors is their commercial accountability (Tsalikis and Fritzsche 2013). They always contribute their one percentage of the earning to the charity at the end of the all collections from the market and their consumers. Weaknesses: There are always a few strings attached with every improvement. These strings are known as the weakness of the Tata Motors. Weakness is the inability of the company while meeting the safety standards for their products. The consumer raises questions in case of the safety standard of the cheapest car (Rasche and Gilbert 2015). Though the company provides the car with in a very low cost but still the customers are not satisfied with the quality of the product. Another weakness of the Tata Motors is problems faced by the company within its domestic market. This issue draw a problem that, the company doesnt get the sales that the company has planned to earn (Hansen et al. 2015). Another aspect is that, the OneCAT still have some rough spots, which must be recovered. Figure 1: SWOT Analysis of Tata Motors (Source: Giacalone and Promislo 2013, pp- 97) Opportunities: Tata Motors have already started welcoming the innovative ideas and strategies, which can be taken as new opportunities but also some new threats to their company also. One of the advantageous opportunities of Tata Motors is that, presently 90 % of the Indias inhabitants do not obtain cars as they have financial crisis (Giacalone and Promislo 2013). But the organization is inventing new cars in cheap rate. Threats: The intellectual property rights are the major threats of the company (Rasche and Gilbert 2015). Tata motors had invented the worlds cheapest car, Every customer wants to know how this was designed at this particular cost. 2.2 PESTLE on Tata Motors: Political Aspect: In view of the fact that Tata Motors is operating their business in several countries all over the world, it needs to have close concentration to the political environment of the around the organization. The law, regulation acts are totally different in each of the country, so it is mandatory for the organization for providing consideration to the regional governing bodies (Michaelson et al. 2014). Laws operating the commerce, growth and trade are totally reliant on the local authorities, as glowing as the international economy and markets are affected by the local political scenario. On 2008, Tata Motors signed an agreement with the Ford for purchasing the Jaguar and Land Rover. For this acquisition the organization should have the permission of the local authority of Ford. Economic Aspects: Tata Motors deals with the worlds different countries, so it have to operate their economic condition while considering the global economic perspective by keeping eye on the individual markets. Since 2004 the organization is operating their business with worlds best 4 countries, this supports their rapid growth according to the global perspective (Abend 2014). The experienced resources from these top five countries provide economic supplement for the development of the organization. As an example, if the cost of the aluminum requisite to get the engine block goes up in Kenya, then Tata Motors have the opportunity to get the aluminum from other supplier among those five countries and they can transport these goods in Ukraine and Russia. Figure 2: PESTLE Analysis of Tata Motors (Source: Michaelson et al. 2014, pp- 89) Social Aspects: The beliefs and judgment and attitude of the stakeholder in a organization manipulate the performance of the company. This involves all the stakeholders from CEO to the general members of the company (Moore 2016). The work culture and the attitude towards the organization decide the future of the company. This aspect makes sure about the positive development of the company. Technological Aspects: The Tata Motors and its parent organization, the Tata Group, are in a good position in the field of the technology. As the company operates themselves in a range of countries, they have good experience about the research and developmental aspect (Edward and Willmott 2013). The foundations of the enterprise have great stimuli for achieving the good RD. Tata Motors RD team have a good set of platforms and knowledge for achieving better opportunities in the competitive market (Nica 2013). Tata Nano and Tata Ace are two inventions of Tata Motors, which shows the advanced technological level of the company. Legal Aspects: According to the research done on the legal aspects on Tata Motors it is found that, the organization had acquired 997 acres of land for manufacturing Nano with the state government support (West 2014). Though this acquisition, there the organization required the displacement of the farmers. This issue was highlighted as a great controversy. Environmental aspect: The environmental aspect of the Tata Motors introduced that, the organization manufactured their vehicles with the regulations provided in the Euro standards emission (Ellerman 2015). The organization always follows the rules for maintaining the low fuel and gas usages. Except all of these the organization has invested a lot amount of money for the RD section of the organization. 3. Ethical dimension of the study Business ethics is a crucial factor to be implemented in the business practices of the any organization. Tata Motors is the largest automobile company, which not only in India but also in from the perspective of the global business. If the consideration is about the ethical practices employed within the organization, then corporate governance policy is core ethical practice of the organization. The principal target of the organization is to improve the quality of the life of the group of IT services. The core values and ideologies of the company help the company to bring these changes to the organization (Nica 2013). The philosophy of the corporate governance of the company is established on the basis of the fair, ethical policies and practices. From the global perspective of the organization, the corporate governance practices followed by the organization are all about the honesty, legacy, integrity of the employees and customer and employee relationship. The corporate governance po licy further focuses on the Tata Business Excellence Model, to achieve the excellent performance in the global business market. The Tata Code of Conduct and the balanced score card approach is there for tracking the progressive nature of the company (Giacalone and Promislo 2013). The core competency lies in between the internal relationship between the employees and the higher authority of the organization. Business ethics is all about the conduction of all aspects of the business processes n a ethical manner. Corporate governance is all about the principles and values of the company which guides the organization by maintaining the ethics in their business ideologies (Rasche and Gilbert 2015). Tata Motors are focused on their establishment of the strategies they have employed on for satisfying their goals according to the organizational perspective. All of these above mentioned approaches and strategies prove the ethical practices in Tata Motors. 4. Qualitative analysis The business ethics is totally followed by the organizational heads of the Tata Motors. Tata Motors always focuses on the aspect that, they will provide their customers a good quality of products and services according to their demands and priorities (Abend 2014). The corporate governance policy is one good example among a huge ethical practices applied in the organization. This policy take care of the advancements of the technology and customer demands incorporated according to the emerging market trends. One of the most effective strategies is continuous environmental scanning for the opportunity for increasing the value of the stock. In case of the Tata Motors they provided huge amount of variety of products for satisfying their customer demands. There are several programs and strategies implemented on the organizational objectives for the betterment of the organization (Moore 2016.). The above mentioned aspects give the detailed information about the core ethical practices and their implementation within the organization. The organization have the intense knowledge of the handling the different strategic processes of the Tata Motors. Importance of the ethics in the organizational perspective is totally made clear in this case study. Conclusion: Tata Motors is an in general strapping organization that has strengthened their root through the help of the parent company, Tata Group. Though in this matter the numerous amount of mergers and acquisitions helped a lot. Although he Tata Motors stock prices fallen down for a certain period time, then the organization realized their negativities and back logs in their strategic movement for achieving their objectives. In addition to this, they have found the Tata Motors have developed various innovative services for attracting their customers and they also provided fair and relevant choices to their customers. These ethical practices and ethical programs set their position high in their target market. Their most important competitive advantage was, they had a good grip over their local markets and ethical practices attracted more the customers in their home ground, which made them more perfect in their domain of work. This case study highlights the importance of ethical practices in t he context of the Tata Motors and provided a clear and strategic view point for understanding the demand and emerging trends for the understanding the present scenario for Tata Motors. Business ethics shows the improvised way for the betterment of the organization. References: Abend, G., 2014.The moral background: an inquiry into the history of business ethics. Princeton University Press. Baviera, T., English, W. and Guilln, M., 2016. The Logic of Gift: Inspiring Behavior in Organizations Beyond the Limits of Duty and Exchange.Business Ethics Quarterly,26(02), pp.159-180. Edward, P. and Willmott, H., 2013. Discourse and normative business ethics. InHandbook of the philosophical foundations of business ethics(pp. 549-580). Springer Netherlands. Ellerman, D., 2015. The democratic worker-owned firm: A new model for the East and West. Giacalone, R.A. and Promislo, M.D., 2013. Broken when entering: The stigmatization of goodness and business ethics education.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(1), pp.86-101. Halinen, A. and Jokela, P., 2016. Exploring Ethics in Business Networks: Propositions for Future Research. InExtending the Business Network Approach(pp. 333-356). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Hansen, E., Kozak, R.A. and Vidal, N., 2015. Adoption and Implementation of Corporate Responsibility PracticesComparative models of social responsibilityWhy companies go green: A model of ecological responsivenessA three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performanceThe pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Toward the moral management of organizational stakeholdersAbsorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovationThe constituents of corporate responsibility: Separate, but not separable, interests? The current status of .... Jennings, M.M., 2014.Business ethics: Case studies and selected readings. Cengage Learning. Metcalfe, B.D. and Syed, J., 2015. How Islamic Business Ethics Impact Women Entrepreneurs: Insights from Four Arab Middle Eastern Countries. Michaelson, C., Pratt, M.G., Grant, A.M. and Dunn, C.P., 2014. Meaningful work: Connecting business ethics and organization studies.Journal of Business Ethics,121(1), pp.77-90. Moore, B., 2016. 48. Privacy: Studies in Social and Cultural History. Nica, E., 2013. Social Responsibility, Corporate Welfare, and Business Ethics.Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management,1(1), pp.9-14. Rasche, A. and Gilbert, D.U., 2015. 14. What drives ethics education in business schools? studying influences on ethics in the Mba curriculum.Handbook on Ethics and Marketing, p.284. Tsalikis, J. and Fritzsche, D.J., 2013. Business Ethics: A literature review with a focus on marketing ethics. InCitation Classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 337-404). Springer Netherlands. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. West, A., 2014. Ubuntu and business ethics: Problems, perspectives and prospects.Journal of Business Ethics,121(1), pp.47-61.

Internet Marketing Evolution of World Wide Web

Question: Describe about the Internet Marketing for Evolution of World Wide Web. Answer: Introduction Todays age is the era of information age where all the aspects of lives are affected in some manner by the technology. With the birth of personal computers and subsequent evolution of World Wide Web, the society has become a global society where all the information is easily available. Internet has revolutionized the business environment and all the functions of an organization are dependent on internet. Advances in technology have changed the ways organizations produce and deliver services and goods. Moreover, internet and other improvements in technology such as Smartphone, video conferencing, and social networking have changed the dynamics of advertising and marketing functions of the organization (Roberts and Zahay 2012). The report therefore, aims to understand the concepts of internet marketing and its various elements that could applied for enhancing the marketing communication of Milk and Chocolates Ltd. The report also undertakes an evaluation of internet marketing mix eleme nts and compares the internet marketing tools with an objective of developing a suitable internet marketing plan for the company. In addition, the report also discusses the concept of interactive order processing in context of Milk and Chocolates Ltd. Internet marketing Internet marketing or online marketing refers to. the advertising and marketing efforts that employ Web, e-mail and other means to drive direct sales via electronic media Online marketing is all the efforts that a company puts to spread their marketing communication that uses internet to reach people. Internet marketing efforts are employed in conjunction with traditional types of advertising like television, radio, magazines in order to achieve integrated marketing communication objectives (Shih et al. 2013). Elements of internet marketing Web marketing: It includes marketing communication through e-commerce websites, affiliate marketing, promotional websites and advertising o search engines through Search Engine Optimization. These techniques can be employed for the Milk and Chocolate Ltd. for promoting the products. The company can develop its own e-commerce website in order to sell its products as well to inform customers about the various products that company provides and the benefits users can derive by utilizing companys products and services. E-mail marketing: It includes advertising and promotional marketing efforts of the company via e-mail messages to the current and prospective customers. Milk and Chocolate Ltd. can employ this method to create awareness about the brand and to initiate desirable response from the current and prospective customers. Social media marketing: Social media marketing as the name suggest is marketing communication strategy that employs social media and networking websites to communicate brand benefits by creating an interactive communication model (Pomirleanu et al. 2013). Milk and Chocolate Ltd. can use these techniques for engaging current and prospective customers. Social media websites such as Facebook, Twitter, Youtube and the like be employed to promote the brand. This also helps the organization to solicit response from the users or customers that can be utilized to understand customers needs and expectations and implement necessary changes in the products and services offered by the organization to increase customer satisfaction and develop brand loyalty (Fritz 2013). Banner advertising: Banner advertising refers to advertising a companys products and services through advertising on the WebPages of prominent websites (Aghaei et al. 2015). Milk and Chocolate Ltd. can employ this method for brand promotion. Moreover, online banner advertising helps to increase the traffic to the companys website that helps in greater brand recognition and leads to higher conversion rate. Evaluation of internet marketing mix The internet has changed the manner in which businesses sell and market their products and services. Moreover, customers uses internet to research and products. Therefore, it is important to understand the internet marketing mix to deliver products and services to the customers. The internet marketing mix for the Milk and Chocolates Ltd can be discussed as E-Product: While making the purchase over the internet, customers loses the tangibility factor. However, e-commerce sales are all around the world is increasing as buyers can access all the information about the product such as features, product specification and can easily compare the similar products across the brand easily and conveniently (Doostar and Mohammadi 2014). E-Price: Internet offers customers the power to purchase the products that provdes best deal with just a click. Therefore, it is important for the Milk and Chocolates Ltd. to implement a more competitive pricing strategy to compete within the market. In addition, the company has to formulate customer loyalty programs to reward loyal customers as a means of retaining loyal customers (Hemmati 2016). E-place: Online business model allows customers to sell its products and services directly to the customers cutting out retailers completely. However, the company has to ensure that customers orders are delivered quickly to the customers and after sales services or grievances are resolved quickly to ensure customers purchasing experience is enhanced and they come back for making future purchases. E-Promotion: Internet and other electronic mediums provide multiple tools and techniques for marketers to promote their products and services. In this context, Milk and Chocolate can implement integrated marketing communication for the promotional activities. E-promotion activities that can be employed in this case include banner advertising, social media engagement, mass e-mail to current and prospective customers to promote the brand (Ogonowski et al. 2014). Comparison of internet marketing tools Various internet-marketing tools that can be employed by Milk and Chocolate Ltd for internet marketing purpose include Search Engine Optimization tools Google analytics Moz Social media management tools HootSuite TweetDeck Visual content tools Piktochart Prezi Interactive order processing Interactive order processing is a basic for e-commerce that assists e-commerce business to present online businesses to customers authentic brands. It helps in easy services to the customers and organizes the whole online commerce activity with specific order. In this context, Milk and Chocolate Ltd. work on its entire product offerings and is required to develop a differentiated persona for the product. The product and its qualities must be in accordance with the customers needs and expectations. In the purchasing process, initially a lot of customers show interest in the companys offerings, however, not all the visits to the site translate to actual sales and a lot of customers fall out before the payment stage. Therefore, it is important to ascertain what customers are looking in the brand and implementing this understanding in the product development (Reas and Fry 2015). The various stages of interactive order processing involve (Source: As created by author) 2. Mechanics of search engine marketing Search engine marketing is one of the most effective means to grow business in the increasingly competitive marketplace. It is a form of internet marketing that help business to promote itself by promoting their websites by increasing their visibility in the search engine result pages. Milk and Chocolate Ltd. is required to implement SEM technique of brand promotion to increase its visibility in the search results when customers search for a particular product or services related to the offerings provided by the company. The company can ensure effective SEM by employing Search Engine Optimization and Pay Per Click techniques (Moran and Hunt 2014). SEO: The company can utilize search engine optimization, by focussing on both paid and unpaid means of increasing an organizations visibility. The purpose of this exercise is to ensure that the companys website appear as a top result when a user searches by inputting certain keywords. The reason being the earlier and more frequently a site appears in the search results list, the greater number of visitors would visit the companys website and greater would be the probability of converting those visitors to the companys customers. SEO is the ongoing marketing activity as the ranking on the results page changes over time. Therefore, the company is required to take necessary steps to ensure that companys website appear high in the search engine results. Various tactics that should be employed by the company for appearing high on the search engine results are creating and publishing excellent web contents such as blogs, using relevant keywords, link building to improve link popularity and enhancing the users experience through providing excellent customer experience (Nabout and Skiera 2012). E-mail marketing newsletter Get a 15% off on all our product offerings across all the categories. In addition, our customers can also have to opportunity to ship our products to your loved ones in any corner of the world for free. This limited period offer would be applicable for the next 15 days. Apply the discount code: MNCDIS15 (Hartemo et al. 2016). Online public relations Online public relations are one of the most cost effective marketing strategies for any business and can be used by Milk and Chocolate Ltd. for brand promotion. In order to implement effective online public relations approach, it is important to employ a variety of online applications such as social networking sites (Facebook, Twitter, Foresquare, and LinkedIn), photo and video sharing sites (Youtube, Vimeo, Flicker, and Instagram), and other online avenues (blogs, RSS feeds, comparison sites, affiliate sites, and so on). In order to ensure that the best online public relations strategy is being employed by the organization following four steps has to be implemented as discussed below Attracting visitors through search Engaging and initiating dialogue with all the stakeholders Building campaign buzz Developing strategies to manage any negative publicity Online public relations aim at influencing the impression of the stakeholders and particularly the customers in favour of the business. The heart of the online public relation is to tell a story about the brand and to create an aura for the brand in the minds of the customers (Saffer et al. 2013). New digital media communities Business can use digital media communities such as file sharing sites, video sharing sites, social media sites and the like for marketing communication purposes. Many organizations are using file sharing sites such as Dropbox and Google Drive to connect with the internal stakeholders of the organization and to promote the brand internally. Moreover, increasing visibility over the video sharing sites such as YouTube and Vimeo is more innovative and contemporary means of online marketing and helps the business to attract young customers that uses these sites on a regular basis. It appeals to the users directly to the end users and presents an opportunity to engage with the current and prospective customers directly (Hirst et al. 2014). Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that internet marketing is one of the most effective way of marketing communication for the users. It helps the firm to target and customer base more effectively and efficiently. The exponential spread of personal computers, Smartphone and the internet has made the internet marketing more lucrative for the marketers. Various tools and techniques like search engine management, social media management and e-mail marketing helps the organization to connect directly with the customers and provides an opportunity to get loyal customers. References Adams, R.L., 2015. Web 4.0 Marketing: The Black Book of Powerful Online Marketing Strategies Tactics. Aghaei, M., Abdolmaleki, S. and Asadollahi, A., 2015. Investigation of the Effect of Internet Marketing Mix on Improving the Performance of Internet Companies.Research Journal of Recent Sciences ISSN,2277, p.2502. Doostar, M. and Mohammadi, M.H., 2014. Studying and prioritising the effective elements of internet advertising on e-marketing.International journal of services and operations management,18(1), pp.57-73. Fritz, W., 2013.Internet-Marketing und Electronic Commerce: GrundlagenRahmenbedingungenInstrumente. Springer-Verlag. Hartemo, M., Suomi, R. and Hakala, U., 2016. Towards Improved Performance: A Model for Testing Email Newsletter Design. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations (JECO), 14(3), pp.1-16. Hemmati, M., 2016. Analyzing the Effect of Social Internet of Things on Making the Internet Marketing Smart.Modern Applied Science,10(9), p.213. Hirst, M., Harrison, J. and Mazepa, P., 2014. Communication and new media: From broadcast to narrowcast. Oxford University Press. Madleňk, R., Madleňkov, L., vadlenka, L. and Salava, D., 2015. Analysis of Website Traffic Dependence on Use of Selected Internet Marketing Tools.Procedia Economics and Finance,23, pp.123-128. Miller, P., 2013. Social Media Marketing.The Social Media Industries, pp.86-104. Moran, M. and Hunt, B., 2014. Search engine marketing, Inc.: Driving search traffic to your company's website. IBM Press. Nabout, N.A. and Skiera, B., 2012. Return on quality improvements in search engine marketing. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26(3), pp.141-154. Ogonowski, A., Montandon, A., Botha, E. and Reyneke, M., 2014. Should new online stores invest in social presence elements? The effect of social presence on initial trust formation.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,21(4), pp.482-491. Pomirleanu, N., Schibrowsky, J.A., Peltier, J. and Nill, A., 2013. A review of internet marketing research over the past 20 years and future research direction.Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing,7(3), pp.166-181. Reas, C. and Fry, B., 2015.Getting Started with Processing: A Hands-On Introduction to Making Interactive Graphics. Maker Media, Inc.. Roberts, M.L. and Zahay, D., 2012.Internet marketing: Integrating online and offline strategies. Cengage Learning. Saffer, A.J., Sommerfeldt, E.J. and Taylor, M., 2013. The effects of organizational Twitter interactivity on organizationpublic relationships. Public Relations Review, 39(3), pp.213-215. Shih, B.Y., Chen, C.Y. and Chen, Z.S., 2013. An empirical study of an internet marketing strategy for search engine optimization.Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing Service Industries,23(6), pp.528-540. Tuten, T.L. and Solomon, M.R., 2014.Social media marketing. Sage.